Description
"Vitamin K," a fat-soluble nutrient, exists as phylloquinone (K1) in leafy green vegetables and menaquinone (K2), produced by intestinal bacteria. Essential for blood clotting, vitamin K activates specific proteins necessary for coagulation. Calcium utilization and distribution within the body are influenced by this nutrient, reducing arterial calcification while improving bone density. Liver health and glucose metabolism also require sufficient vitamin K. Gut bacteria and dietary sources typically supply adequate amounts of this vitamin.
Functions in the Body
Category
Deficiency Symptoms
A deficiency in vitamin K may lead to easy bruising, excessive bleeding, cartilage calcification, insoluble calcium salt deposits in artery walls, heavy menstrual periods, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, and blood in the urine and stool.
Synergists & Antagonists
Vitamin K works synergistically with vitamins A, B3, B6, C, and E to support coagulation, bone formation, and antioxidant defense. It also works with calcium, magnesium, and manganese for proper calcium metabolism. However, excessive vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, or grape seed may reduce its effectiveness.
Vitamin K
Warnings
Vitamin K interacts with anticoagulants, antibiotics, bile acid sequestrants, and anticonvulsants. Monitoring vitamin K intake is essential for individuals using these medications, as they may interfere with its absorption and function.
Food Sources
Vitamin K is naturally found in broccoli, kale, asparagus, green beans, lettuce, pak choi, edamame, natto, kimchi, and sauerkraut.
Time Frame
Vitamin K should be consumed with a meal containing fat for optimal absorption. If it is combined with vitamin D, it should not be taken with an evening meal.
Depleted By
Vitamin K can be depleted by antacids, anticonvulsants, sedatives, laxatives, hyperuricemia medications, fat-blocking medications, statins, caffeine, blood thinners, anxiety medications, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antifungals, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, and opioids.