Description
Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in blood clotting, bone health, and cardiovascular function. It exists in three forms: Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone), found in leafy greens; Vitamin K2 (menaquinone), produced by intestinal bacteria; and synthetic Vitamin K3. Vitamin K2 is often preferred for supplementation due to its superior bioavailability. This vitamin is essential for the synthesis of proteins that regulate calcium metabolism, preventing calcium buildup in the arteries while promoting its deposition in bones, supporting both vascular health and bone strength. It also contributes to liver function and may help reduce the risk of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Vitamin K additionally plays a role in insulin resistance management, which is important for diabetes prevention. Ensuring adequate intake of this vitamin can support overall well-being and protect against a range of chronic conditions.
Functions in the Body
Category
Deficiency Symptoms
A deficiency in vitamin K may lead to easy bruising, excessive bleeding, cartilage calcification, insoluble calcium salt deposits in artery walls, heavy menstrual periods, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, and blood in the urine and stool.
Synergy & Antagonism
Vitamin K works synergistically with vitamins A, B3, B6, C, E, and manganese to promote blood clotting, bone health, and antioxidant protection. However, it has antagonistic interactions with vitamin A, vitamin E, calcium, and grapeseed extract, which can reduce vitamin K's efficacy in blood clotting and calcium regulation when taken in high amounts.
Vitamin K
Warnings
Vitamin K has interactions with anticoagulants, antibiotics, bile acid sequestrants, and anticonvulsants. It is important to monitor vitamin K intake in individuals using these medications, as they can interfere with its absorption and function.
Food Sources
Vitamin K is naturally found in broccoli, kale, asparagus, green beans, lettuce, pak choi, edamame, natto, kimchi, and sauerkraut.
Time Frame
Vitamin K should be consumed with a meal containing fat for optimal absorption. If it is combined with vitamin D, it should not be taken with an evening meal.
Depleted By
Vitamin K can be depleted by antacids, anticonvulsants, sedatives, laxatives, hyperuricemia medications, fat-blocking medications, statins, caffeine, blood thinners, anxiety medications, antipsychotics, antibiotics, antifungals, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs, and opioids.