STROKE
Description
Body System
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[22] Nasoohi S, Simani L, Khodagholi F, Nikseresht S, Faizi M, Naderi N. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation improves acute outcomes of stroke in rats pretreated with atorvastatin. Nutr Neurosci. 2019;22(4):264-272.
[23] Simani L, Ryan F, Hashemifard S, et al. Serum Coenzyme Q10 Is Associated with Clinical Neurological Outcomes in Acute Stroke Patients. J Mol Neurosci. 2018;66(1):53-58.
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[25] Yi YY, Shin HJ, Choi SG, et al. Preventive Effects of Neuroprotective Agents in a Neonatal Rat of Photothrombotic Stroke Model. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(10):3703. Published 2020 May 24.
[26] Fernández-Vega B, González-Iglesias H, Vega JA, Nicieza J, Fernández-Vega Á. Coenzyme Q10 treatment improved visual field after homonymous quadrantanopia caused by occipital lobe infarction. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep. 2018;13:70-75. Published 2018 Dec 9.
[27] Chen GC, Lu DB, Pang Z, Liu QF. Vitamin C intake, circulating vitamin C and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(6):e000329. Published 2013 Nov 27.
[28] Myint PK, Luben RN, Welch AA, Bingham SA, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT. Plasma vitamin C concentrations predict risk of incident stroke over 10 y in 20 649 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer Norfolk prospective population study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87(1):64-69.
[29] Kurl S, Tuomainen TP, Laukkanen JA, et al. Plasma vitamin C modifies the association between hypertension and risk of stroke. Stroke. 2002;33(6):1568-1573.
[30] Yokoyama T, Date C, Kokubo Y, Yoshiike N, Matsumura Y, Tanaka H. Serum vitamin C concentration was inversely associated with subsequent 20-year incidence of stroke in a Japanese rural community. The Shibata study. Stroke. 2000;31(10):2287-2294.
[31] Gale CR, Martyn CN, Winter PD, Cooper C. Vitamin C and risk of death from stroke and coronary heart disease in cohort of elderly people. BMJ. 1995;310(6994):1563-1566.
[32] Sánchez-Moreno C, Dashe JF, Scott T, Thaler D, Folstein MF, Martin A. Decreased levels of plasma vitamin C and increased concentrations of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers after stroke. Stroke. 2004;35(1):163-168.
[33] Larsson SC, Orsini N, Wolk A. Dietary magnesium intake and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2012 Feb 1;95(2):362-6.
[34] Zhao B, Hu L, Dong Y, Xu J, Wei Y, Yu D, Xu J, Zhang W. The effect of magnesium intake on stroke incidence: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Frontiers in neurology. 2019 Aug 7;10:852.
[35] Khalaf D, Krüger M, Wehland M, Infanger M, Grimm D. The effects of oral l-arginine and l-citrulline supplementation on blood pressure. Nutrients. 2019 Jul 22;11(7):1679.
[36] Koga Y. Arginine and neuroprotection: A focus on stroke. InTreatments, Nutraceuticals, Supplements, and Herbal Medicine in Neurological Disorders 2023 Jan 1 (pp. 945-958). Academic Press.
[37] Almannai M, El-Hattab AW. Nitric oxide deficiency in mitochondrial disorders: the utility of arginine and citrulline. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience. 2021 Aug 5;14:682780.
[38] Pan L, Zhou Y, Li XF, Wan QJ, Yu LH. Preventive treatment of astaxanthin provides neuroprotection through suppression of reactive oxygen species and activation of antioxidant defense pathway after stroke in rats. Brain research bulletin. 2017 Apr 1;130:211-20.
[39] Shen H, Kuo CC, Chou J, Delvolve A, Jackson SN, Post J, Woods AS, Hoffer BJ, Wang Y, Harvey BK. Astaxanthin reduces ischemic brain injury in adult rats. The FASEB Journal. 2009 Jun;23(6):1958.
[40] Lopez MS, Dempsey RJ, Vemuganti R. Resveratrol neuroprotection in stroke and traumatic CNS injury. Neurochemistry international. 2015 Oct 1;89:75-82.
[41] Fazel Nabavi S, Li H, Daglia M, Mohammad Nabavi S. Resveratrol and stroke: from chemistry to medicine. Current Neurovascular Research. 2014 Nov 1;11(4):390-7.
[42] Kalani A, Kamat PK, Kalani K, Tyagi N. Epigenetic impact of curcumin on stroke prevention. Metabolic brain disease. 2015 Apr;30:427-35.
[43] Liu Z, Ran Y, Huang S, Wen S, Zhang W, Liu X, Ji Z, Geng X, Ji X, Du H, Leak RK. Curcumin protects against ischemic stroke by titrating microglia/macrophage polarization. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2017 Jul 21;9:233.
[44] Li S, Zhang X, Fang Q, Zhou J, Zhang M, Wang H, Chen Y, Xu B, Wu Y, Qian L, Xu Y. Ginkgo biloba extract improved cognitive and neurological functions of acute ischaemic stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Stroke and Vascular Neurology. 2017 Dec 1;2(4).
[45] Zhao S, Zheng H, Du Y, Zhang R, Chen P, Ren R, Wu S. The Clinical Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba Leaf Preparation on Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2021;2021(1):4265219.
[46] Zhang L, Ma J, Yang F, Li S, Ma W, Chang X, Yang L. Neuroprotective effects of quercetin on ischemic stroke: A literature review. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 May 18;13:854249.
[47] Ulya T, Ardianto C, Anggreini P, Budiatin AS, Setyawan D, Khotib J. Quercetin promotes behavioral recovery and biomolecular changes of melanocortin-4 receptor in mice with ischemic stroke. Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. 2021 Jun 25;32(4):349-55.
[48] Zhang JC, Xu H, Yuan Y, Chen JY, Zhang YJ, Lin Y, Yuan SY. Delayed treatment with green tea polyphenol EGCG promotes neurogenesis after ischemic stroke in adult mice. Molecular neurobiology. 2017 Jul;54:3652-64.
[49] Wang L, Dai M, Ge Y, Chen J, Wang C, Yao C, Lin Y. EGCG protects the mouse brain against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing autophagy via the AKT/AMPK/mTOR phosphorylation pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Sep 6;13:921394.
[50] Wang XH, You YP. Epigallocatechin gallate extends therapeutic window of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator treatment for brain ischemic stroke: a randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled trial. Clinical neuropharmacology. 2017 Jan 1;40(1):24-8.
[51] Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Dominguez LJ, Delgado-Rodriguez M. Olive oil consumption and risk of CHD and/or stroke: a meta-analysis of case–control, cohort and intervention studies. British journal of nutrition. 2014 Jul;112(2):248-59.
[52] Samieri C, Feart C, Proust-Lima C, Peuchant E, Tzourio C, Stapf C, Berr C, Barberger-Gateau P. Olive oil consumption, plasma oleic acid, and stroke incidence: the Three-City Study. Neurology. 2011 Aug 2;77(5):418-25.
[53] Hayakawa K, Mishima K, Fujiwara M. Therapeutic potential of non-psychotropic cannabidiol in ischemic stroke. Pharmaceuticals. 2010 Jul 8;3(7):2197-212.
[54] England TJ, Hind WH, Rasid NA, O'sullivan SE. Cannabinoids in experimental stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 2015 Mar;35(3):348-58.
[55] Nelson LA. The role of biofeedback in stroke rehabilitation: past and future directions. Topics in stroke rehabilitation. 2007 Jul 1;14(4):59-66.
[56] Stanton R, Ada L, Dean CM, Preston E. Biofeedback improves activities of the lower limb after stroke: a systematic review. Journal of physiotherapy. 2011 Jan 1;57(3):145-55.
[57] Taylor-Piliae RE, Haskell WL. Tai Chi exercise and stroke rehabilitation. Topics in stroke rehabilitation. 2007 Jul 1;14(4):9-22.
[58] Taylor-Piliae RE, Hoke TM, Hepworth JT, Latt LD, Najafi B, Coull BM. Effect of Tai Chi on physical function, fall rates and quality of life among older stroke survivors. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2014 May 1;95(5):816-24.
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[60] Cho HY, In TS, Cho KH, Song CH. A single trial of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) improves spasticity and balance in patients with chronic stroke. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine. 2013;229(3):187-93.
[61] Ng SS, Hui-Chan CW. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation combined with task-related training improves lower limb functions in subjects with chronic stroke. Stroke. 2007 Nov 1;38(11):2953-9.
[62] Schmid AA, Miller KK, Van Puymbroeck M, DeBaun-Sprague E. Yoga leads to multiple physical improvements after stroke, a pilot study. Complementary therapies in medicine. 2014 Dec 1;22(6):994-1000.
[63] Lazaridou A, Philbrook P, Tzika AA. Yoga and mindfulness as therapeutic interventions for stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;2013(1):357108.
[64] Thayabaranathan T, Andrew NE, Immink MA, Hillier S, Stevens P, Stolwyk R, Kilkenny M, Cadilhac DA. Determining the potential benefits of yoga in chronic stroke care: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Topics in stroke rehabilitation. 2017 May 19;24(4):279-87.
1. Vitamin D3/K2: Vitamin D3 supports vascular health, while vitamin K2 helps regulate calcium and prevent artery calcification. Together, they promote better blood flow and reduce the risk of arterial blockages, contributing to overall stroke prevention and recovery.
2. Probiotics: Probiotics enhance gut health through the gut-brain axis, influencing inflammation and immune response. By maintaining a balanced gut flora, probiotics may protect brain health and reduce ischemic injury.
3. Vitamin B Complex: Vitamin B complex lowers homocysteine levels, which supports vascular health and reduces the risk of recurrent events. It helps regulate blood flow, contributing to overall cardiovascular wellness.
4. Omega 3: Omega-3 fatty acids offer anti-inflammatory benefits and protect brain tissues by supporting neural recovery. Their role in reducing inflammation makes them crucial for protecting overall vascular health.
5. Coenzyme Q10: Coenzyme Q10 improves cellular energy production and provides antioxidant support, protecting neural tissues from oxidative damage. Maintaining CoQ10 levels supports brain cell recovery and reduces damage.
6. Vitamin C: Vitamin C’s antioxidant properties help lower blood pressure and improve vascular health, reducing inflammation and supporting tissue protection. Maintaining proper levels offers protection for both brain and heart tissues.
7. Magnesium: Magnesium regulates blood pressure and supports vascular function by improving nitric oxide production. Adequate levels enhance circulation and reduce artery stiffness, contributing to better vascular health.
8. Citrulline: Citrulline increases nitric oxide production, improving blood flow and reducing arterial stiffness. This supports oxygen delivery to tissues and promotes vascular flexibility, aiding overall cardiovascular function.
9. Arginine: Arginine boosts nitric oxide levels, promoting better endothelial function and blood flow regulation. It plays a key role in supporting vascular integrity and reducing high blood pressure.
1. Asthaxanthin Extract: Astaxanthin’s antioxidant properties protect brain tissues from oxidative stress, reducing cellular damage and supporting neural recovery. It also aids in minimizing inflammation, which is critical for tissue repair.
2. Resveratrol: Resveratrol offers neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, safeguarding brain tissues and promoting vascular health. Its role in reducing oxidative stress enhances recovery and protects against future damage.
3. Curcumin: Curcumin reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, key factors in protecting brain health. It promotes cellular repair and offers neuroprotection, making it essential for maintaining brain function.
4. Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Ginkgo Biloba enhances blood flow and oxygen delivery to brain tissues, supporting cognitive function and reducing oxidative damage. Its role in improving neural circulation aids recovery.
5. Quercetin: Quercetin’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties reduce blood pressure and support cardiovascular health. Its neuroprotective effects help safeguard brain cells and enhance tissue repair.
6. Epigallocatechin Gallate [EGCG]: EGCG promotes vascular health by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, supporting better blood flow and tissue protection. Its neuroprotective benefits help safeguard against cellular damage.
1. Olive Oil: Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants, promoting vascular health by reducing inflammation and supporting blood pressure regulation. Its protective properties help reduce oxidative stress.
2. CBD Oil: CBD oil reduces inflammation and protects brain tissues through its neuroprotective properties. It also regulates oxidative stress, supporting brain cell repair and minimizing damage.
1. Biofeedback: Biofeedback improves motor function by helping patients regain control over muscle movements. It enhances coordination and muscle control, supporting recovery and physical rehabilitation.
2. Tai Chi: Tai chi’s meditative movements improve balance, coordination, and flexibility, supporting physical recovery. It also enhances cardiovascular health and reduces stress, aiding overall well-being.
3. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation [TENS]: TENS therapy reduces muscle spasms and improves motor function by stimulating nerves. Its role in pain management enhances mobility and aids rehabilitation.
4. Yoga: Yoga improves physical and mental health by enhancing flexibility, reducing blood pressure, and promoting relaxation. Regular practice supports physical rehabilitation and reduces stress.
Supplements
Plant Extracts
Natural Compounds
Alternative Treatments
Symptoms & Signs
Causes
Artery Blockage, A Leak or Burst of Vessle Wall
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How Nutrients Function
Antioxidants: Antioxidants protect cells from oxidative stress caused by free radicals, potentially reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular ailments. They safeguard DNA integrity, slow down aging processes, and support overall cellular health.
Enzymes and Coenzymes: Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions, while coenzymes assist in these processes by binding temporarily to enzymes. Together, they regulate digestion, energy production, immune responses, and various metabolic pathways.
Fatty Acids: Fatty acids serve as energy sources, structural components of cell membranes, and precursors to signaling molecules. Essential fatty acids, like omega-3 and omega-6, play critical roles in brain function, cardiovascular health, and inflammation regulation.
Herbal Extracts: Herbal extracts contain bioactive compounds with various medicinal properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. They have been used traditionally to support digestion, immunity, and overall health.
Minerals: Minerals are essential for various physiological functions, including bone health, nerve transmission, and enzyme activity. They support overall health by ensuring proper cellular function and metabolic processes.
Probiotics: Probiotics are live microorganisms that confer health benefits when consumed. They support gut health, immune function, and oral hygiene by promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria and inhibiting the growth of harmful pathogens.
Vitamins: Vitamins are essential micronutrients that play diverse roles in supporting cellular processes, immune function, and overall health. They must be obtained through diet or supplementation to ensure proper bodily function.
Nutrients Explained In Nutritional Guide
Podcast Episodes To Listen To
Educational Videos To Learn From
Functional Lab Tests That You Might Consider
References
Things To Do
Post-stroke recovery requires attention to one's diet, which should include:
low-carbohydrate foods.
whole foods, such as fresh vegetables, fruits, lean meats, fish, a moderate amount of whole grains, and healthy fats.
a wide range of colorful, low-glycemic vegetables and fruit. They are a source of valuable antioxidants, fiber, vitamins, and minerals that support cardiovascular and brain health.
healthy fats, such as those found in fish, avocados, nuts, and seeds. Furthermore, extra-virgin coconut oil has protective effects on the brain.
garlic, which is a natural anticoagulant. It contains allicin, which supports the regeneration of the brain and its neuroplasticity. Other natural anticoagulants include turmeric, cayenne pepper, ginger, etc. Watch out for interactions with anticoagulant drugs.
foods containing anti-inflammatory compounds, such as turmeric, garlic, onions, vegetables, fruits, etc.
gut health-promoting foods, such as a variety of vegetables and fruits that are rich in fiber and feed the gut bacteria. Furthermore, probiotic foods, such as kimchi, sourkraut, kefir, tempeh, miso, etc., also support gut health. They increase the production of short-chain fatty acids [acetate, butyrate, and propionate] and support the recovery from stroke.
sufficient hydration. Drinking filtered or mineral water dilutes the blood and improves circulation.
coffee and tea in moderation. Drinking coffee and caffeinated tea reduces the risk of developing post-stroke dementia.
include liquid foods such as soups, broths, purees, smoothies, and vegetable juices if you have difficulty chewing.
Furthermore, incorporate the following:
physical exercise when your doctor tells you it is safe. Regular physical activity helps control blood sugar and cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and weight.
quality sleep. Sleep is essential for the proper functioning of the whole body, including the cardiovascular system and the brain.
relaxation and stress reduction techniques, such as yoga, meditation, and mindfulness.
physical and speech therapies, if necessary, to regain your skills.
ask for help with daily chores.
maintain a healthy weight.
Take care of your mental health.
Things To Avoid
The following foods and ingredients do not support post-stroke recovery:
ultra-processed, junk, and fast foods. They are high in refined carbohydrates, trans fats, added salt, added sugar, flavor enhancers, preservatives, and others.
sugar, sugar substitutes, candy, sweets, desserts, sweetened beverages, etc. They elevate blood sugar levels and contribute to the development of cardiovascular problems.
alcohol, which is high in carbohydrates.
packaged and processed meats.
refined grains and flours.
foods you are allergic to or inteollerant of.
Furthermore, the following habits make recovery difficult:
smoking.
binge drinking.
too little sleep.
stress, depression, and anxiety.
frequent eating out.
obesity, being overweight, or suffering from diabetes.
lack of physical activity.